Cities as ecosystems:
Citys are places where human live, interacting with each other and with other living organisms as well as abiotic elements.
Self-organizing system as sustainable or viable if all the system characteristics (or “orientors” as he calls them) are in a satisfactory state.
Healthy(effective)[meeting energy need | Meeting Matter Needs | Biodiversity and Coevolution]
Zero waste
Self-regulating
Resilient and self-renewing
Flexible
Health effective:
Use of solar energy
Autotrophic or regionally autotrophic system
Cycling of matter
Intergration of functions
Erosion ctrl
Network coevolution
Zero waste:
Cycling of matter
Filtration
Self-regulation:
Negative feedback loops, facilitated by proximity and functional matching
Resilience and self-Renewal:
Diversity
Panarchy (nested adaptive cycles); ecological memory
Positive feedback loops
Flexibility:
Networks
(Bossel 1998)
Sustainable societies
Ethics based on strong emotional connections
Psychological fulfillment[Equitable, Cooperative Social Arrangements | Varied activities for creativity and stimulation | A sense of meaning and belonging through traditions]
Cooperative coexistence [Self-Regulating Communities of Place | adaptive learning and environmental feedback]
Connective practives that nurture and sustain an ethic of care- for each other and for one’s “life-place”
Visibility of the more-than-human world
Protection of cultural, economic and ecological diversity
Solar-based and ecological architecture
Sustainable design of support systems
Another Model (Ecosystem succession Principles for city form and structure) by Newman (1975)
Energy and material
Land and structures
Information
Control/governance
City concentrate power…however, they are sill shaped and structured by one fundamental driver: personal mobility. Average: 30min travel time (this is interesting)
Walking city: Copenhagen | Bern, Switzerland | Mesopotamia | Persia | Roseland | some Chinese Cities | (old cities, traditional cities)
Transit Cities: mid-1800s rail node
Automobile Cities: since 1950s, rapidly in the new world high ecological footprints and high economic costs. Social Problems
BedZED Beddington Zero Energy Development
Summary of the Ecosystem Succession Model
Leave a Reply