How to reduce Plastic Bags – see China’s experience

How to reduce Plastic Bags – see China’s experience

Here is the leverage point:

Yes, we do have a strong, progressive and ambitious government, especially when they really want to do something.

See how China did to cut the use of plastic bag in super markets like Wal-Mart, Carrorfol, etc. Government takes control of the national plastic bag whole sale price: raise it 10 times, and at the same time, forced the supermarkets to charge the use of plastic bag, each large bag charges 0.20 yuan, that is 0.025 dollars, well a small among. And small bag 0.10 yuan. So supermarkets will sell the plastic bag to a customer if he doesn’t come with a reusable bag. The price is not high enough to angry the public, and the supermarket can get profit from “selling” the plastic bags at a 10 times more than the mass produce cost price. In turns, the plastic bag company gain more money from pre-plastic whole sell, even though the total number of the plastic produced decrease. But, this decrease is in slow motion, so that they have time to upgrade their equipment to manufacture bio degradation bags.

So why do people don’t want to pay the 0.20 yuan for a plastic bag? It’s a small amount of money. That is our Chinese government really know our Chinese culture: it’s a psychological concern in people’s mind rather than the economic concern. And, the month before this regulation be put into action, super markets just give away reusable bags free for charge: you can get a free large bag even if you just buy a can of coke. But time limited: just one month. So during this month, many people just go and get the reusable bag. This seems to be a fair trade: I gave you reusable bags already, so you will pay back the plastic bags you are using. See the 0.20 yuan/bag changes a HUGE. This is a leverage point.

Just some little note from Heating Flooding and Cooling

Chapter 6:Solar Geometry

Key ideas:

1. solar rediation reaching the earth’s surface consists of about 47% visible, 48%short-wave infrared (heat), and about 5% ultraviolet rediation.

2. winter is the result of a shorter number of daylight hour, the filtering effect of lowe3r sun angles, and the cosine law.

3. the sun is 47degree higher in the skyu in the summer than in the winter.

4. sun angles are defined by altitude and azimuth angel(方位角). the altitude is measured from the horizontal and the azimuth from south.

5. the solar window is that part of the sky dome through which the sun shines.

6. sun-path diagrams present both the patttern of the sun’s motion across the sky and specific sun-angle data.

Key terms:

the amount and composition of solar radiation reaching the outer edge of the earth’s atmosphere are quite unvarying and are called the solar constant.

June 21, the sun’s rays are perpendicular to the earth’s surface along the Tropic of Cancer, a latitude 23.5 d N, the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere, summer solstice (夏至日)。

Cosine law: a given beam of sunlight will illuminate a larger area as the sun gets lower in the sky.

Solar Window: the part of the sky dome through which the most powerful sun rays enter is called the solar window, assumed as 9:00~15:00, the whole year…

 

 

 

 

Bay Game

Name ________Xin Sui__________________________________

UVA Email:___xs7cp@virginia.edu_____

Course Instructor____William Sherman_______ TA (If applicable)_________________________

Please mark the appropriate sentence that describes your experience with the UVA Bay Game.

________ I have played the UVA Bay Game before. Number of times_______________

____X___ I have NOT played the UVA Bay Game before.

Please respond to the following questions as completely as your current knowledge of the subject allows.

1. List the variables and concepts that you think are part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed system (You can list as many as you would like. Use additional space if needed).

Food chain
Fish
Birds
Transportation (ship)
Water quality
Tourism, recreation
Water discharge
Erosion and soil
Fishing industry
Wetland
Habitats
Climate and weather in that area
Risk of natural hazard
Public awareness
Flood protection
Etc…

2. Describe the relationship and interaction between these variables. Be specific. For example, if you state that A influences B, indicate the direction and nature of the influence (i.e., A transforms B in this way, A increases/decreases B, etc.).

The diversity of species of birds and fish enlarge the food chain and make food web complex, which will promote the fishing industry.

The intense use of shipping transportation will decrease the water quality thus decrease the quality of habitats. The quality of water from rivers flowing directly into the bay will largely affect the quality of bay water

The decrease of environmental quality will result in decease the tourism industry, and will bring less people come for recreation, but if the bay is attracting a unbearable amont of people, human activity will affect the environmental quality in a negative way.

The environmental problems in the bay area will draw attentions from public, and raise funding for restoration programs and thus actions will be made to resolve the problem.

Infrastructure that deals with the risk of flooding, such as levee, dams etc will decrease wetland areas .

3. On a separate piece of paper, diagram (either free-hand or with a software program) the variables you described above demonstrating the relationships and interactions that influence the watershed. Whether you choose to draw your diagram free-hand or with the aid of a software program, a hardcopy of this diagram should be turned in to your instructor by Friday September 1, 2010.

Climb to climax and dive to die

Climb to climax and dive to die

As in Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, Jared Diamond pointed out that the collapse of a society often happen suddenly and often right after the climax. While, if we conceive the society as a system, let’s see how system dive:

This rule is also true in the case of economy drop, in The Book of Changes (“I Ching”), it’s called 物极必反（As soon as a thing reaches its extremity, it reverses its course.）and also known as 站得高，看得远，摔得惨（stand high, look far, fall pathetic）

in the language of System

I was doing a research-design project in Huadu, a middle size city in Guangdong Province, China, with a theme of “system; low cost, high benifit, alteration, transportation etc”, and this article below tried to explain those key words in the language found in Thinking in Systems, and use the basic key ideas and concepts of a system. This article can be understood as a retrospect of the project, and trying to explain the same project using another model.

Note: this is a translated English version selected from a Chinese version which was written by me. The unabriged Chinese version can be found here:

https://mradw.wordpress.com/2010/08/31/early-study-rethink/

Below is the link that the very first version of this article:

http://blog.renren.com/blog/235786147/466875428?frommyblog

System(系统), as a key architecture of this case, is the structure, the platform, and the boundary of the system, although not necessarily be inflexibly defined, in the process of research, the boundary cannot extend to unlimited, and the studied system and its relationship with the lower system and the upper system, the relationship among the studied system and the parallal systems, and the flow between them are interconnected: eg. The bathtub and the input of the bathtub:the water tap, and the output of the bathtub: sewer pipe formed a set of system. The upper system will be the water supply, water sewer system of the entire house, while the lower system will be the contained water in the bathtub, the flow between the cool and warm part of the water, the interchange of heat. So, the bathtub, the sewer pipe, the water tap formed a completed while not isolated system, and the water, is the flow within the system. In this case, different level of streets, road in planning formed a systematic network, as the water supply, water sewer system, this network is completed but not isolated, and the flow in this system can be known as pedestrian, vehicle, bikes etc.

Low Cost while High benefit（低价高效）: the Carl – Marx philosophy told us that every flow in any system is in the process of changing, perhaps, this change is balanced in dynamic, such as the Le Chatelier principle the H20 <-> H+ + OH-, for the water that happens in every drop of water, perhaps this process is irreversible leading to one direction, while this direction will be accelerion or deceleration or uniform velocity, or, there’s no rule in the process, such as the extraction of underground petroleum. In this case, resources (included human resource, and physical resource, capital resource etc) are the input in macroscopy, is comparable with the remained petrol under the ground, the income water from the water tap in a bathroom. And the benefit, will be the output of the system, comparable with the offgas from a car, the sewer hole in the bathtub. The largest challenge, in this case, is driving toward the “good” side of development. Different from a simple system as the bathtub which has a single output, this case, the output from circulation system is multivariated.

Alteration（改造）: similar as every systems, if the material of input changes, or if the expectation of output changed, or the expectation of stock changed, the system as a whole might be necessary to make change. For example, if i need the more water in a bathtub, i need to enlarge input while eliminate output; if i need the temperature of the water raise, while maintain the same among, i should enlarge the among of hot water that comes into the bathtub while leaking the same among of remaining water. All these actions above, are not a alteration of the bathtub system, only a alteration of parameters of elements in the system. If my expectation is that, i need the among of water more than the current bathtub can hold, in another word, even the bathtub is full of water, my expectation can not fulfill, the only thing i can do is upgrade my bathtub to a larger one. The action of “upgrade my bathtub to a larger one” can be recongnized as an alteration of this system. In this case, facing the complex system, the city, based on the knowledge of its own structure, based on the expectation of output, the change of expectation of output for the city, accordingly, assess if the expectation exceed the capability of the city system, while if yes, the alteration of the system is Inevitably since the alteration of parameters of elements of the current system cannot lead to expected output. But, the “alteration” never means a complete or fundamentally deny of the existing system. Alteration means it’s not a revolution or departure of the innate character in the system（改造与革命，改良主义与左倾冒险主义）, in other words, not a deny of the basic assumptions and preconditions of the existing system, but to promote the performance.

Aug 26 2010

达芬奇那个著名的人：

a large version of this pict:http://jkameroncarter.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg

Change, new way of thinking the world, not one idea exchange another…

the heat map of city

when we are working,

1. if there is difference, there is a flow, heat, air, etc, ocean, resource, processes, stadium cool: air condition

2. complex system, rules generating forms, without knowing the forms are how..

3. patterns setup, wind on earth, etc,

4. climate change, feed back loop, small pattern change will increase level of the volum, butterfly effect,

5. climate pattern, water land difference north south, water tempreture, big current, differences

6. harrican: basic purpose: construct difference, moving heat warm moisture, [increased difference north south -> harrican]

Caurse of seasons: tilted earth, t distance to the sun, change the angel, projected areas, solar intensity

orthographic Projection[horizontial]

steographic diagram[virtical]

understanding the way the world works, complicity system dynamic emergence, thinking behivior is’t predectable,

small change in the imput make big change of the outcome: butterfly effect….

thinking the world in different terms:non-liner

video:http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/emergence.html

emergence 产生。

order we might not to see, syphony general of army, a leader on top, thers to follow, but if no onductor, no leadeer? the order comes from bottom up, go as the same direction of other guys, and not too close not to far,avoid attactors… different creature have different rules, school of fish, not onlhy in animals, croud of people as bird and fish, you just do…. people have no idea of the hold.. follow other, living groups, crouded, non living things, parts and agents, electronic parts, computers….

architects, non-linier mind set, sustainability, actions, no1, behavior,

simple rule lead to certain pattern, consiquences, ants, bird, school of fish… slime mood, water waves, harricane, self organizing sys, largescale formation… city itself….

stock market ,chess, math, life….

Key concepts Thinking in Systems,

Elements

Interconnections

function of Purpose

Self-organization

resilience

non-linearity

syem without function doesn’t qulify as a system…目标主义者。。。

Stock Flow, inflow outflow,  in and out… feedback loops,

small change eg 2% – 4% interest in bank account, after 1 year MAKE large difference

1. balancing stablized  2. enforcing (income…) 3. decline…

Early study, rethink

this is a early study in my undergrade, this is a re-interpretate of the project trying to use the concept of system, i will translate it into english…

本案主题包括“系统，低价高效，改造，渐进，交通，transect，各方权益之平衡”等，本文企图运用系统学的基本思路，就“系统”、“低价高效”、“改造”、“transect”提出本人的观察。

系统(system)，作为本案的基础架构，是骨架，是平台，而系统的边界，虽然并不一定要被明确界定，但是，在研究的过程中，其边界并非无限扩展的，但研究系统与其下层系统与上层系统、研究系统与其平行的其他系统之间的流(flow)是网络化的：例如，浴缸和浴缸的输入：水龙头，与浴缸的输出：下水管，组成了一组系统。其上层系统是整个房间的供水、排水系统，其下层系统是浴缸里存水的冷热流的循环（如，假设水龙头输入的水的温度高于浴缸中现存的水，则浴缸中存在冷热流的热交换）。于是，浴缸、下水管、水龙头组成了一个完整的，但并不封闭的系统，而水，则是这个系统中的流。在本案中，规划的各级道路正如供给、排水网络一般，组成了完整但并不封闭的体系，而来往其中的流则是步行的人、机动车、非机动车等。

低价高效：马克思主义哲学告诉我们，任何一个系统中的“流”，都在时刻处于变化中的，或许这个变化是动态平衡的，如在勒沙特列原理支配下的水分子电离循环反应；又或许这个变化是定向不可逆的，而这个定向不可逆或许是加速的，或许是减速的，或许是匀速的，甚至或许是无规律可循的，如对地底石油的开采。地球石油的储备是整个全球石油供给系统中的流。而在本案的研究中，资源，包括人力物力财力等，构成了宏观系统的“流”中的“输入”，正如石油供给系统中的地下藏油，或浴缸的水龙头。而“效益”，则为这个系统的“输出”，如汽车的尾气，或浴缸的排水管。而本案的挑战在于，“输出端”应最大限度的朝向“优”的方向发展。不同于浴缸这样只有简单输出端的系统，本案的交通系统的输出是多元的，而这个挑战，是本案最大的难题所在。

改造：正如所有的系统一样，如果输入端的物质产生了变化，或如果对输出端的期待产生了变化，或对存量部分的期待产生了变化，则系统就应进行相应的调整，如期待浴缸中的存水变多，则应加大输入，减少输出，如果期待浴缸中的水温上升，则加大热水的输入，同时为维持浴缸中总水量一致，应输出等量的水。但这不是对系统的改造，而仅仅是对系统各组成部分参数的改变。如果对浴缸中存水的期待大于现有浴缸的容量，则及时浴缸全满，也无法满足预期，这个时候，只能更换更大的浴缸了。而“更换更大的浴缸”这个动作，就是对系统的改造。在本案中，应当复杂城市系统，对其本身的构架的了解的基础上，提出的假设输出所做出对系统本身的，对系统的重置方式，则被定性为“改造”，因为现有系统的对参数的调整已经无法满足对输出的预期了。但是，“改造”并不意味着对整个现有系统的否定，“改”意味着本案的所为是非本质化的否定，也即，对现有系统的基础与前提的肯定。而“造”意味着本案所发挥的影响，是为正面促进的，也就是说，本案的基调是立足于现存的基础，而做出的“正方向的作为”大于“负方向的作为”。

Transect: 对于本案的核心研究方案，transect起到关键的作用。Transect的核心在于差别的抽样与对这些抽样的比对。正如对复杂系统的研究无法涵盖所有组成元素，如量子物理的研究，其对象并不是单个的分子，对人口的调查，其研究的对象无法完全统计每一个人的情况。在本案的研究中，为探讨整个系统的动作机制，transect方法的着眼点正是对系统的切片，正如显微镜下的昆虫切片，或X光下的人体，或建筑图纸中的剖面一样。对于抽象无物理形态的系统，transect方法旨在于物理层面做出切片的动作，然后以此为基础探讨其非物理层面的联系。而之所以这种切片的方法会被证明是有效的，在于其“差别性抽样”与“比对”的使用。“差别性抽样”，指的是，这个切片的位置并非随机的，也并非等距离的，而是依据设定的逻辑来抽取，正如在对建筑进行切片的时候，其剖切的位置并不是随意的。但是，对于复杂系统而言，到底应当依据怎样的逻辑进行遴选，则是难点所在。而“比对”，则是达到结论的关键所在。而同样的，到底“比对”的项目如何确定，用如何的标准，逻辑进行比对，而这个“比对”的逻辑的设定与“抽样”的逻辑的设定到底是何种关系，则是本案的最大的突破了。

Diagram of Class Aug 26

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